Evaluating the cytotoxic effects of some chlorinated substituted 2-amino-3-carbonitrile chromene derivatives on 3T3 and MCF-7 cell lines

Abstract

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. In this study we synthesized and characterized 2-amino-3-carbonitrile chromene derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic effects on 3T3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Characterization included melting point, IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay, with IC₅₀ values calculated, while apoptosis induction was confirmed by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Compounds 4f and 4h demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values of 4.74 and 21.97 µg/ml and selectivity indices of 3.83 and 2.80, respectively. Increased apoptotic cell populations support their pro-apoptotic potential. These findings indicate that the chromene derivatives, synthesized via a one-pot method, may serve as promising candidates for further anticancer drug development.