Stability and Toxicity of Selected Chlorinated Benzophenone-type UV Filters in Waters

Authors

  • Rensheng Zhuang School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, PR China, China Power Investment Corporation (CPI) Power engineering Co., LTD, Tianlin Road, 200233 Shanghai, China
  • Romina Žabar Laboratory for Environmental research, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
  • Gorica Grbović Center of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
  • Darko Dolenc Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Jun Yao School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
  • Tatjana Tišler Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Polonca Trebše Laboratory for Environmental research, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Keywords:

UV filter, photostability, chlorination, toxicity, Vibrio fischeri

Abstract

In our study, the transformation of two most widely used UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-4 (BP4), in chlorinated water with disinfection reagents sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was studied. Based on the HPLC/MS and UV-Vis analysis the formation of two different chlorinated products (5-chloro- 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) was established. Identity of chlorinated products was confirmed by means of comparison of retention times with independently synthesized standards. Photostability study showed that dichloro-derivative in water is less stable then parent compounds, which is not the case for monochloro-derivatives. Toxicity of chlorinated compounds tested by Vibrio fischeri was found to be in the same range as that of the starting compounds. Preliminary testing of real water samples from swimming pools and sea swimming areas confirmed the presence of BP3 and its 3,5-dichloro derivative.

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Published

13.01.2014

Issue

Vol. 60 No. 4 (2013)

Section

Chemical, biochemical and environmental engineering

License

Except where otherwise noted, articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License